Update : Someone on Twitter (Thomas Duboucher, perhaps? Sorry, I lost the tweet!) pointed out that the 1- and 3-step ordering give the same results in many cases. Having thought about it, that's correct! As long as you don't use maps, arrays, or tagged values as map keys, I believe they coincide. For something like CTAP2, where map keys are always ints or strings, they work out the same. So perhaps things aren't so bad. (Or perhaps a really subtle difference is worse! Time will tell.)